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26)Republic Day 2019: 'Nari shakti', military might on present at parade

India Republic Day -- These days, India celebrated its 70th Republic Day. The special event began wi th the ceremonial parade at Rajpath, amid limited security in Delhi. Primary Minister Narendra Modi paid out his tributes to the martyrs by laying a wreath at Amar Jawan Jyoti in the presence of Protection Minister Nirmala Sitharaman plus the three service chiefs. The main guest of this Republic Moment was South African Leader Cyril Ramaphosa. At the unfurling of the tricolour, the wedding band played the national anthem with a 21-gun salute terminated in the background. Many senior market leaders, including Home Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj, and also former prime ministers Manmohan Singh and Deve Gowda, Congress leaders Rahul Gandhi and Ghulam Nabi Azad and Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal were among those present on the occasion. The complete theme for the Republic Moment celebrations this year is the one hundred and fiftieth birth anniversa
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Temporomandibular joint

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In anatomy, the temporomandibular joints ( TMJ ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull. It is a bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone of the skull above and the mandible below; it is from these bones that its name is derived. This joint is unique in that it is a bilateral joint that functions as one unit. Since the TMJ is connected to the mandible, the right and left joints must function together and therefore are not independent of each other. citation needed
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Structure

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The main components are the joint capsule, articular disc, mandibular condyles, articular surface of the temporal bone, temporomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament, and lateral pterygoid muscle. Capsule edit The articular capsule ( capsular ligament ) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. Articular disc edit The unique feature of the temporomandibular joint is the articular disc. The disc is composed of dense fibrocartilagenous tissue that is positioned between the head of the mandibular condyle and the mandibula fossa of the temporal bone. The temporomandibular joints are one of the few synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two compartments, the lower and upper compartments. These two compartments are synovia
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Function

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Each temporomandibular joint is classed as a "ginglymoarthrodial" joint since it is both a ginglymus (hinging joint) and an arthrodial (sliding) joint. The condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone in the mandibular fossa. The mandibular fossa is a concave depression in the squamous portion of the temporal bone. These two bones are actually separated by an articular disc, which divides the joint into two distinct compartments. The inferior compartment allows for rotation of the condylar head around an instantaneous axis of rotation, corresponding to the first 20mm or so of the opening of the mouth. After the mouth is open to this extent, the mouth can no longer open without the superior compartment of the temporomandibular joints becoming active. At this point, if the mouth continues to open, not only are the condylar heads rotating within the lower compartment of the temporomandibular joints, but the entire apparatus (condylar head and articular disc) transl
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Clinical significance

Pain edit Temporomandibular joint pain is generally due to one of four reasons. Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, primarily involving the muscles of mastication. This is the most common cause. Internal derangements, an abnormal relationship of the disc to any of the other components of the joint. Disc displacement is an example of internal derangement. Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint, a degenerative joint disease of the articular surfaces. Temporal arteritis, for which it is considered a reliable diagnostic criteria Pain or dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is sometimes referred to as temporomandibular joint dysfunction or temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). This term is used to refer to a group of problems involving the temporomandibular joints and the muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and other tissues associated with them. Although rare, other pathologic conditions may also affect the function of temporomandibular joints, causing pa
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